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Couplets:
The couplet in poetry can take many forms and have several guidelines. The form
we will be working with is called an Ezra Pound couplet. The true form of an
Ezra Pound couplet consists of two rhymed lines of verse with approximately the
same length. This poem should express a metaphor.
Diamonte I
Diamontes are structured poems in which the meaning is conveyed without
connectives. The poem provides a little practice in using and recognizing parts
of speech.
form:
______________ a noun
_______________, _________________two adjectives describe
the noun
____________,____________,______________three verbs that
tell what the noun does
_____________ _______ ___________short phrase about the
noun
_________________ noun, repeat the first
or give a synonym
Diamonte II
This form of diamonte adds the sophistication of a contrasting element. At the
dash in the middle of the third line, the thought becomes opposite in point of
view or looks at a different aspect of the topic.
form:
___________ a noun
__________,___________ two adjectives
modifying the noun
_______(ing),_______(ing),_______(ing)three participles of
noun’s action
_______,_______ - _______,_______two synonyms-two
antonyms
________(ing),_________(ing),_________(ing)three participles
of changed action
_________,____________ two adjectives
modifying noun of change
______________ noun opposite of the original
Haiku:
Haiku is a well known type of Japanese poetry that depends upon the number of
syllables. This poem is usually seventeen syllables arranged in three lines; it
is possible to steal a syllable from one line to complete another, but the total
must be seventeen. You must carefully select words and place them in the
pattern.
form:
line one___ ___ ___ ___ ___ five syllables
line two___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ seven syllables
line three___ ___ ___ ___ ___ five syllables
The first two lines should create a vivid picture and the third line should
provide some insight into the picture.
These poems should concern themselves with nature.
Tanka: A Tanka is an extension of the haiku. This form of poetry is
also arranged in a pattern of specific syllables. There are five lines in a
Tanka with a total of thirty-one syllables
form:
line one___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 5 syllables
line two___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 7 syllables
line three___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 5 syllables
line four___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 7 syllables
line five___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 7 syllables
Cinquain: There are two types of cinquains. The
first type of cinquain is a word cinquain. This form is arranged in five lines
with a specific word count.
Word Cinquain form:
line one________ title (one word)
line two_______ _______ description of
title(two words)
line three________ ________ _______ action of the
title(three
words)
line four _____ _______ _____ ______ feeling about the title
(four words)
line five___________ synonym for the title (one word)
Syllable Cinquain: This form is also five lines long with a specific
syllable count
form:
line one ____ ____ title (two syllables)
line two___ ___ ___ ___ description of the title
(four syllables)
line three ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ action of the title
(six syllables)
line four ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ feeling about the
title (eight syllables
line five___ ___ synonym for the title
(two syllables)
Free Verse Poetry:
This form of poetry is poetry of any line length and any placement on the page
with no fixed meter or rhyme.
This form of poetry will be evaluated on the basis of the use of imagery and the
effect it has on the reader
Limerick:
This form of poetry is a humorous verse that is five lines in length. Lines
one, two and five rhyme with each-other. Lines three and four rhyme with
each-other.
This form of poetry, along with having a set rhyme pattern also has a set
meter. Lines one, two and five have three stressed syllables. lines three and
four have two stressed syllables.
The usual poetic foot used for a limerick is anapestic.
line 1 anapestic trimeter
line 2 anapestic trimeter
line 3 anapestic dimeter
line 4 anapestic dimeter
line 5 anapestic trimeter
examples
Ballad
A ballad is a poem that tells a story. They are usually written in four line
stanzas called quatrains. The first and third lines have four accented
syllables. The second and fourth have three accented syllables. common rhyme
schemes for the quatrain are a,a,b,b,; a,b,a,b,; and a,b,c,b. The preferred
rhyme pattern for this ballad is a,b,c,b. Most ballads deal with some tragedy;
(death, lost love, pollution, murder, etc.)
Ballads make use of repetition for the purpose of helping the reader to
remember---(original ballads were not written down but memorized, to be
sung)---This form of ballad is called a folk ballad. A written ballad is
considered a literary ballad. This form could be longer and more intricately put
together.
Ballad Help
Example
Ballad
Sonnet:
A sonnet is a fourteen line poem that states the poet’s personal feelings.
There are two forms a sonnet may take.
One form is called a Shakespearian or English sonnet.
This type is set up in three quatrains and one couplet with a set rhyme and
meter.The rhyme pattern for an English sonnet is abab-cdcd-efef-gg. the meter
for an English sonnet is iambic pentameter. The first twelve lines of an English
sonnet should create a single impression and the couplet should reinforce the
impression or change the impression through the use of irony.
The other form of sonnet is called a Petrarcian or Italian sonnet.
This type is set up a little differently than an English sonnet. The Italian
sonnet’s meter is also iambic pentameter. The line structure is set up as two
quatrains and one sestet. The rhyme pattern is abba-abba for the two quatrains
and the sestet’s rhyme pattern is left up to the poet.
Villanelle:
A French verse form dating from the late fifteenth century, with end-rhymes and
repeated key lines which are arranged intricately. The meter is iambic
pentameter and it is nineteen lines long (five tercets and one quatrain). It
follows this formula:
a/c/b ab/c/a ab/c/b ab/c/a ab/c/b ab/c/a/b
“a” and “b” stand for complete lines which rhyme with each other, and which are
repeated word for word in their entirety throughout the poem as indicated in the
formula; “c” stands for different lines sharing the same end rhyme; “ab” is one
line and stands for different lines sharing the same end rhyme as “a” and “b”.
Epitaph
A short verse on the life and death of a particular person or persons, real or
imaginary, for placement on a tombstone. There is no set meter, rhyme scheme, or
set number of lines. This is basically what you would want to be stated about
your life on your tombstone. The famous poet, Robert Frost’s epitaph simply
reads: “I had a lover’s quarrel with the world”.
Famous Epitaphs
And more
Dream Poetry
This form of poetry describes a personal dream. It can take the form of
a Free Verse poem.
example;
Witches
I wait
To feel happiness
Familiar or brand new...
But I dream of witches
Evil curls like smoke
From the corners of their eyes
And out between lips
Parted in false smiles.
Spiny fingers reach for me.
My mind races,
But my feet are still.
I wake,
But still their cruel laughter
Echoes in my head.
They’ll return,
These wicked ladies,
To dance upon my bed.
This form of poetry describes a personal dream. It can take any form even the form of a Free
Verse poem.
Useful Poetic Terminology
Alliteration: The repetition of initial consonant sounds in words
close together
Assonance: The repetition of like vowel sounds
Dimeter: two metric feet of a rhythm pattern
Couplet: Two lines of verse
Figure of Speech: A word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of
another and is not meant to be understood as literally true
Simile- The boy was smiling like a grotesque Jack-O-Lantern
Metaphor- The star was a diamond in the sky
Personification- The train belched out its warning
Free Verse: Poetry without a regular meter or rhyme scheme.
Heptameter: seven metric feet of a rhythm pattern
Hexameter: six metric feet of a rhythm pattern
Hyperbole: Gross Exaggeration
Imagery: Language that appeals to the senses.
Inversion: reversal of the normal word order of a sentence or line.
Limerick: Avery short humorous or nonsensical poem.
Lyric Poem: A poem that expresses the feelings or thoughts of a speaker
rather than telling a story.
Metaphor: An imaginative comparison between two unlike things in which
one thing is said to be another thing.
implied metaphor; using words we associate with something to make the
comparison.
extended metaphor; metaphor extended or developed over several lines or
even throughout the entire work.
Meter: A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry
metric feet;
| iambic |
U
/ |
| trochaic |
/ U
|
| anapestic |
U U
/ |
| dactylic |
/ U U
|
| spondiac |
/ / |
| pyrrhic |
U U |
Monometer: one metric foot of a rhythm pattern
Narrative Poem: A poem that tells a story
Octave: eight lines of verse
Octometer: eight metric feet of a rhythm pattern
Onomatopoeia: The use of words whose sounds imitate or suggest their
meaning
Pentameter: five metric feet of a rhythm pattern
Personification: A figure of speech in which an object or animal is
spoken of as if it had human feelings, thoughts or attitudes.
Poetry: The best words in the best order--see page 714 in your text book
Quatrain: Four lines of verse
Quintet: Five lines of verse
Refrain: the repetition of a line or phrase at regular intervals,
especially at the end of a stanza
Repetition: The repeating of a word or a phrase within a work.
Rhyme: The repetition of sounds in words.
Perfect rhymes can be classified according to the number of
syllables included in the rhyme
-
masculine: a rhyme in which the stress is on the
final syllable of the words. (rhyme, sublime,
crime)
-
feminine: a rhyme in which the stress is on the
penultimate (second from last) syllable of the words. (picky,
tricky, sticky)
- dactylic: a rhyme in which the stress is on the
antepenultimate (third from last) syllable ('cacophonies",
"Aristophanes")
In the general sense, "rhyme" can refer to various kinds of
phonetic similarity between words, and to the use of such
similar-sounding words in organizing verse. Rhymes in this
general sense are classified according to the degree and manner
of the phonetic similarity:
- imperfect: a rhyme between a stressed and an
unstressed syllable. (wing, caring)
- semirhyme: a rhyme with an extra syllable on one
word. (bend, ending)
- oblique (or slant): a rhyme with an imperfect
match in sound. (green, fiend)
-
consonance: matching consonants. (her,
dark)
-
half rhyme (or sprung rhyme) is consonance on
the final consonants of the words involved
-
assonance: matching vowels. (shake,
hate)
-
alliteration: matching sounds at the beginnings of
words (short,ship)
It has already been remarked that in a perfect rhyme the last
stressed vowel and all following sounds are identical in both
words. If this identity of sound extends further to the left,
the rhyme becomes more than perfect. An example of such a
"super-rhyme" is the "identical rhyme", in which not only the
vowels but also the onsets of the rhyming syllables are
identical, as in gun and begun. Punning rhymes
such are "bare" and "bear" are also identical rhymes. The rhyme
may of course extend even further to the left than the last
stressed vowel. If it extends all the way to the beginning of
the line, so that we have two lines that sound identical, then
it is called "holorhyme" ("For I scream/For ice cream").
Rhythm: A regular repetition of sound or movement. In
poetry this is achieved by the choice of words that have
stressed and unstressed syllables. {see meter}
HELP!
Septet: seven lines of verse
Sestet: Six lines of verse
Simile: A comparison of two unlike objects stating one thing is
like another. As
can also be used to make the comparison.
Syllable: A part of a word that makes one uninterrupted voiced sound
Tercet: Three lines of verse
Tetrameter: Four metric feet of a rhythm pattern
Trimeter: three metric feet of a rhythm pattern
Verse: poetry; verse is usually found in one of three forms: rhymed,
blank or free verse
One of Mr. Schu's favorite definition of Poetry: An imaginary garden with
real toads in it.
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